Spraying for mosquitoes is designed to:
A) Control the agent
B) Eradicate the nonhuman reservoir
C) Control the human reservoir
D) Improve host resistance and immunity
Ans: B
Treating nonhuman reservoirs or eliminating them (e.g., by spraying for mosquitoes) are effective methods of preventing replication of pathogens and thus preventing transmission. Controlling the agent is an area in which technology and medical science have been effective. Inactivating the agent is the principle behind disinfection, sterilization, and radiation of fomites that may harbor pathogens. Treating infected persons, whether they are symptomatic or not, is effective in preventing transmission of pathogens that can be transmitted directly to others. This is a way of controlling the human reservoir. Many factors, such as age, general health status, nutrition, and health behaviors, contribute to host resistance. Immunity, however, is an indispensable defense against infection.
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A) Cough, thick sputum B) Dyspnea with exertion C) History of smoking D) Hyperinflation of lungs
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the cultural implications associated with eye diseases. At the conclusion of the teaching session, which student comment indicates the need for further education?
1. "It is important to assess the African American client for clinical manifestations associated with increased intraocular pressure." 2. "We should assess serum glucose levels in our adult Hispanic clients." 3. "Our diabetic clients should return every 2 years for an assessment of their vision and their retina." 4. "Poorly controlled serum glucose levels can result in retinal changes that affect the client's vision and can even result in blindness."
An occupational health nurse is screening a new employee in a long-term care facility for tuberculosis (TB). The employee questions why purified protein derivative (PPD) testing is done twice. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
A) "Different medication is used in the second PPD." B) "The treatment for TB is 6 months of medication, and we want to make sure the first results of the first PPD were accurate." C) "The first PPD was not interpreted in the correct time frame of 48-72 hours." D) "There is an increased risk for a false-negative response for people who work in long-term care facilities. The two-step is recommended to accurately screen for TB."
Which question is best to assess nocturia?
a. How long can you postpone urination? b. How many times do you wake up at night and urinate? c. Do you leak urine or lose bladder control? d. Do you feel you completely empty your bladder?