Which statement best describes the value of fungi in the environment?
A. Fungi “fix” nitrogen from the air for use by plants.
B. Fungi trap sunlight energy in the form of carbohydrates.
C. Fungi release nutrients from organic matter.
D. Fungi enrich the soil by decreasing the rate of decay of organic matter.
E. Fungi remove toxic metals from the soil.
Answer: C
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How is the splicing of U2-dependent introns different from that of U12-dependent introns?
a. U12-dependent introns have no branch site. b. U2-dependent introns have longer consensus sequences at the splice sites. c. Most of the snRNPs in the spliceosomes are different. d. The SR proteins in the spliceosomes are different. e. U12-dependent introns are self-splicing.
A man’s mother died from Huntington’s disease, a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by a dominant mutant allele that exhibits high penetrance. The man’s daughter wants to be tested for the mutant gene, and he tells her not to bother because her probability of having the disease is zero. Is he telling her the truth? Choose the most accurate answer.
a. No, her probability of having the mutant allele is 0.5 or 50%. b. No, her probability of having the mutant allele is 0.25 or 25%. c. Yes, his probability of having the disease is only 0.05 or 5% and is diluted to almost zero in his daughter. d. We do not know whether he is telling the truth or not based on the information given.
Sexual reproduction has many benefits from a genetic standpoint. Can you think of any downside to sexual
reproduction? What will be an ideal response?
Auxins are secreted by
a. most tissues undergoing ripening. b. apical meristems of shoots. c. vascular tissues of stems and leaves. d. root caps. e. root cells in response to water stress.