Describe the structures and functions of the two layers that compose the pericardium surrounding the heart
What will be an ideal response?
The pericardium is a sac with two components: the fibrous pericardium, a tough outer layer that attaches the heart to surrounding structures, and the serous pericardium, a thin inner serous membrane that produces serous fluid. The fibrous pericardium is composed of collagen bundles that make it tough and enable it to anchor the heart to structures such as the diaphragm and the great vessels. The collagen bundles also give the fibrous pericardium low distensibility. It doesn't change shape or size considerably when stretching forces are applied. This helps to prevent the chambers of the heart from overfilling with blood. The serous pericardium is composed of an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer. The parietal pericardium is fused to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium. When the parietal pericardium reaches the great vessels, it folds under itself to form another layer that directly adheres to the heart, the visceral pericardium (epicardium).
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A) skeletal muscle system B) cardiovascular system C) respiratory system D) digestive system E) urinary system
The production of heat from rhythmic tremors of skeletal muscle is referred to as ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What are the three major regions of the cerebellum? (Check all that apply.)
flocculonodular lobe infundibulum lateral hemispheres substantia nigra vermis
When a hormone binds to a membrane–bound receptor and activates G proteins,
A. ion channels could be opened. B. IP3 may be activated. C. cyclic AMP production may be increased. D. DAG may be activated. E. All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.