What is one APA ethical standard that applies to research in clinical psychology?
What will be an ideal response?
Obtain informed consent from prospective participants. Do not coerce participation by offering excessive or inappropriate rewards. Avoid using deception unless the prospective value of the research justifies its use and nondeceptive methods are not feasible. If research procedures have harmed a participant, take reasonable steps to minimize the harm. Never fabricate or falsify data. Researchers should list themselves as authors of a study only when their contributions are justifiably substantial. Share data with other competent researchers who intend to reanalyze it for verification.
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Summarize the biological, psychoanalytic, social learning, and cognitive approaches to understanding gender development. Apply each perspective to an example of a young girl, Stephanie, who is coming to understand her gender.
What will be an ideal response?
In comparison to the Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), the Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI)
a. is much longer and more complex. b. focuses on cognitions rather than negative affect. c. lacks consistent psychometric properties across cultures. d. is less useful in clinical settings.
The tend-and-befriend response is ____
a. a female pattern of responding to general stress b. a style of responding to aggressive threats that is often taught in anger-management therapies c. a style of responding to aggressive threats that is characteristic of some (non-human) animals when confronted by dominant opponents d. a general orientation toward others that many people take on when encountering new, ambiguous situations
In operant conditioning, stimuli that precede reinforced and nonreinforced responses are known as
a. facilitating stimuli. b. reinforcing stimuli. c. avoidance stimuli. d. discriminative stimuli.