A patient is admitted with an asthma attack caused by an allergic reaction to a medication. The nurse is aware that this severe allergic response is triggered by the immediate release of what?
A) Antihistamine
B) Histamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Surfactant
B
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Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchospasm, inflammation, and hyperactive airways. The hyperactivity is triggered by allergens or nonallergic inhaled irritants or by factors such as exercise and emotions. The trigger causes an immediate release of histamine, which results in bronchospasm in about 10 minutes. An antihistamine is used to treat allergic responses because it counteracts the effects of histamine. Surfactant is a lubricating substance that is necessary to keep the alveoli open. Epinephrine is a medication used to treat acute allergic responses.
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