Speculators absorb additional risk in futures markets as a result of the actions taken by
A) longs.
B) hedgers.
C) brokers.
D) shorts.
B
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Suppose that a government agency is trying to decide between two pollution reduction policy options. Under the permit option, 100 pollution permits would be sold, each allowing emission of one unit of pollution. Firms would be forced to shut down if they produced any units of pollution for which they did not hold a permit. Under the pollution tax option, firms would be taxed $250 for each unit of pollution emitted. The regulated firms all currently pollute and face varying costs of pollution reduction, though all face increasing marginal costs of pollution reduction. Suppose the regulators chose the permit policy instead of the tax policy. What might explain that decision?
A. Permit auctions raise more revenue than do taxes. B. The permit policy will reduce pollution by more than would the tax policy. C. The permit policy allows regulators to achieve reduction goals without having detailed knowledge about firms' abatement costs. D. Firms prefer the permit policy because it allows them to choose the least-costly reduction technology.
A firm acting as a price leader would never reduce market price because this would clearly make all of the firms in the market worse off and defeat the purpose of having a firm act as the price leader
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Producer surplus is measured as the
A) area under the demand curve above market price. B) entire area under the supply curve. C) area under the demand curve above the supply curve. D) area above the supply curve up to the market price.
As a percentage of GDP, non-military government purchases have remained very low and stable
a. True b. False