A first-time pregnant mother asks, "Why do I need an ultrasound? I'm worried that my insurance won't cover it." The nurse responds that an ultrasonography can diagnose prenatal abnormalities like which of the following? Select all that apply
A) Cytogenic abnormalities
B) Skeletal defects like facial structural problems
C) Chromosomal deficits
D) Abnormal levels of ?-fetoprotein
E) Congenital heart defects
Ans: B, E
Feedback:
Ultrasonography is the primary method for assessing fetal size and screen for structural abnormalities that include the heart, skeleton, face, diaphragm, and gastrointestinal tract. Cytogenic studies and chromosomal analysis require amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or umbilical cord blood. ?-Fetoprotein (AFP) requires a maternal blood sample that is analyzed for serum markers associated with neural tube defects.
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