Throughout this test, write your answer on the form provided. Erasure marks may cause the grading machine to mark your answer wrong. INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. Nicotine is addictive because its chemical structure is so similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine that
once inside the brain it unlocks several other chemicals. One of these chemicals is dopamine, which produces a highly pleasant sensation. Another is adrenaline, which increases alertness. Yet a third is serotonin, which improves one's mood. When people are deprived of these chemicals, they naturally want more, and this leads to addiction.
A) Argument; conclusion: When people are deprived ... leads to addiction.
B) Argument; conclusion: Nicotine is addictive.
C) Argument; conclusion: One of these chemicals is dopamine ... pleasant sensation.
D) Nonargument.
E) Argument; conclusion: Its chemical structure ... unlocks several other chemicals.
D
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Lehrer's Human Thermometer thought experiment is intended to show that
A. in at least some cases, knowing seems to require more than just having correct information. B. knowledge is reliably produced TRUE belief. C. in at least some cases, knowing requires simply having correct information. D. reliably produced belief is knowledge.
For the following, try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument. Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and, sometimes, an extra nonmoral claim as well. The idea is to guarantee that the "ought" claim follows from the "is" claim.Smoke from wood-burning stoves has become a serious health hazard. They ought to be banned.
What will be an ideal response?
The Lakota term that captures the idea of the interrelatedness of all living things is
a) Wakan Tanka. b) Mitakuye Oyasin. c) Hozho. d) Tankashilah.
On what grounds does Pruss argue that the fertilized egg is not a “part” of the
mother?
a. The fertilized egg is genetically distinct from the mother. b. The fertilized egg engages in self?directed behavior such as releasing hormones that trigger changes in the woman. c. If the fertilized egg were merely a part of the mother, it would have to be a part of the father for the same reason. But that’s absurd. d. All of the above