What is the pathophysiology of emphysema?
a. Constriction of the bronchial tree, excessive mucus, and nonproductive cough
b. Calcification of the alveoli and a dry cough
c. Overinflation of the alveoli, making them ineffective for gas exchange
d. Inflammation of the trachea and bronchioles, excessive mucus, and productive cough
ANS: C
Emphysema causes overinflation of the nonelastic alveoli, which disallows gas exchange in the affected alveoli and results in reduced oxygenation.
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