According to Cloward and Ohlin, the form a delinquent subculture takes depends on:
a. The type of school experiences youth have early on.
b. The level of surveillance people maintain in their neighborhood.
c. The degree of integration in the community.
d. The ability of an area to tolerate graffiti and broken windows.
Answer: c
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An ordinal-level of measurement is __________________
a. the lowest, least precise level of measurements for which there is a difference in type only among the categories of variable b. a level of measurement that identifies a difference among categories of a variable and allows the categories to be rank ordered as well c. a level of measurement that identifies differences among variable attributes, rank categories, and measures distance between categories, but there is no true zero d. the highest, most precise level of measurement; variable attributes can be rank ordered, the distance between them precisely measured, and there is an absolute zero
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
Studies of homicide survivors suggest that they experience many of the same effects of victimization as crime victims themselves.
Martha had always had the feeling that her husband was capable of hurting others. She believed that he "looked" like a criminal and explained to the detective that his physical features gave him a criminal appearance. What branch of criminology best explains Martha's perception of her husband's appearance and alleged criminality?
a. Classical criminology b. Contemporary criminology c. Positivist criminology d. Sociological criminology
In the context of judicial dispositions, which of the following factors has led to a sharp rise in the use of probation?
A. Emphasis on restitution B. Poor judicial discretion C. Inhumane prison conditions D. Prison overcrowding