____ is the basis for categorization; categorization is the basis for ____
a. Deferred imitation; animism
b. Animism; deferred imitation
c. Mental representation; language
d. Language; mental representation
C. Piaget believed that mental representation in toddlerhood is the basis of categorization. The categories, in turn, become the basis for language, because each noun and verb represents a category. For example, the word truck represents the category "truck" containing every possible variety of truck; the word run represents the category "run" containing all varieties of running, and so on.
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Regarding the development of identity, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Everyone eventually grapples with an identity crisis, whether in adolescence or in adulthood. b. Some adolescents develop ego identity by modeling themselves after others, without soul-searching or self- examination. c. Some contemporary scholars prefer to use the term exploration, rather than crisis, to describe the period of soul-searching and self-examination associated with identity development. d. People may experience many identity crises throughout life. e. The development of ethnic identity is an important part of identity formation, especially for adolescents of color.
Internals seem to do better in school because they see themselves as
A. smarter. B. better test-takers. C. responsible. D. lucky.
Field research generally has
a. Less internal validity than laboratory research b. Less external validity than laboratory research c. Lower construct validity than laboratory research d. Poorer statistical validity than laboratory research
A new scale to measure the trait of Egalitarianism was developed by a psychologist who has been collecting information on the scale, including estimates of the heritability of the trait. If this new personality trait has a heritability
that is within the typical range found for other traits, which of the following would be a likely estimate? a) 5 - 10% b) 10 - 20% c) 20 - 50% d) 50 - 75%