Gene therapy is showing some promise as a technique to help treat or prevent some diseases. Researchers have focused their attention on understanding more about the process of programmed cell death or apoptosis

Discuss why the process of apoptosis in injured or aging cells may be useful for understanding or treating cancer.


Apoptosis occurs when cells get damaged or have completed their function. Cells are pre-programmed to undergo cell death when the appropriate signal is present. Cancer cells appear to avoid apoptosis, and this seems to be associated with the absence of a signaling protein, mda-7. When the protein is inserted into certain tumors, the apoptosis pathways are activated, and cancer cells begin to die. Gene therapy may be able to treat certain cancers if genes for such signaling molecules can be inserted into human cancer cells.

Biology & Microbiology

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________ is a bacterial plasmid vector.

A. Lambda B. T4 DNA ligase C. SV40 D. pUC19

Biology & Microbiology

Sponges have a bone-like support system of spicules that are made up of which of the following materials?

a. calcium and hydrogen b. cellulose and silica c. calcium carbonate or silica d. chitin or calcium carbonate

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the followings substance is NOT

secreted by an exocrine gland?

a. mucus b. hormones c. tears d. earwax e. digestive enzymes

Biology & Microbiology

In most cells chromosomes are __________ in pairs based on their size and shape.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Biology & Microbiology