Which of the following statements if NOT true?
a. Exotoxins are more lethal than endotoxins
b. Endotoxins are part of the gram-positive cell wall
c. Exotoxins can be neutralized in the blood by antitoxin treatment
d. Endotoxins can cause septic shock
Answer: b. Endotoxins are part of the gram-positive cell wall
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The immunological reaction that occurs when there is an optimal ratio of antigen and antibody, producing a lattice at the zone of equivalence is known ________.
A. immunodiffusion B. immunoprecipitation C. immunoblotting D. immunoelectrophoresis
During inflammation, tissue damage activates ____, which release ____
a. cytotoxic T cells; cytokines b. macrophages; histamine c. mast cells; histamine d. neutrophils; cytokines e. eosinophils; chemokines
In this type of prenatal diagnosis, karyotype analysis can be performed as early as 8 weeks
A. Amniocentesis D. Pre-genetic diagnosis B. Chorionic villus sampling E. Polyploid analysis C. Cell-free fetal DNA analysis
Organisms such as the Antarctic fish can swim at extremely low temperatures. Which mechanism best describes how they do this?
a. They modify their proteins to be more flexible. b. They modify their proteins to be more rigid. c. They do not use proteins. d. They warm their bodies through metabolism. e. They live in a frozen state. f. I don't know the answer