A(n) ___________ has been established if more solute is located outside of the cell than inside of the cell.
a. concentration gradient
b. diffusion gradient
c. active transport gradient
d. facilitated gradient
a. concentration gradient
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The leukocyte responsible for adaptive immunity is the
A. lymphocyte. B. monocyte. C. eosinophil. D. neutrophil.
Would a denatured antigen be expected to have the same epitopes as its native (non-denatured) counterpart? Why?
A. Yes-epitopes are just a sequence of amino acids in a row, so they do not change regardless of 3D shape of the protein molecule they lie within. B. No-ALL epitopes are dependent on being in the proper original 3D conformation in the protein they arise within. Denaturing them would destroy them by destroying that conformation. C. Yes AND No-SOME epitopes are dependent on 3D conformation (conformational epitopes), while some simply depend on the sequence of amino acids (linear epitopes). So, really, it depends on the particular epitope.
The first cells appeared on Earth about __________
years after its crust solidified. a. 1 billion b. 200 million c. 3.8 billion d. 4.5 billion e. a few
The definitive host for Plasmodium vivax is
a. human. b. Anopheles. c. a sporocyte. d. a gametocyte.