A patient is diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease. The nurse realizes that what percentage of functioning nephrons have been lost in this patient?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 90%
ANS: D
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs when 90% of the nephrons are lost. A. Renal disease is not diagnosed when 25% of functioning nephrons are lost. B. In the early, or silent stage (decreased renal reserve), the patient is usually without symptoms, even though up to 50% of nephron function may have been lost. C. The renal insufficiency stage occurs when the patient has lost 75% of nephron function and some signs of mild kidney disease are present.
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For a client with Ménière's disease whose nursing diagnosis is Risk for injury related to vertigo, which intervention is essential?
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