Compare control of breathing in a human before and during physical exercise
What will be an ideal response?
Signals from interneurons in the medulla carried by efferent neurons of the autonomic system produce
breathing movement. These signals stimulate inhalation by causing the diaphragm and the external
intercostal muscles to contract, which expands the chest cavity and produces an inhalation. In rest, the
signals are turned off as the lungs become moderately full. Together these signals create breathing
rhythm. However, during exercise, which requires increased oxygen, some ventral neurons send
signals that stimulate the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles to contract, therefore causing
active exhalation.
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The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membrane
â€"more acidic outside the cell than inside the cell. Phosphate transport is an example of _____. A) passive diffusion B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport D) osmosis E) cotransport
The initial depolarization associated with the action potential is the consequence of the opening of _________________ at the axon hillock
A. voltage-gated potassium channels B. voltage-gated calcium channels C. voltage-gated sodium channels D. voltage-gated chloride channels
Silent mutations are possible due to the degenerate nature of the genetic code
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Under the conditions of a given reaction, a positive ?G' means
A) the reaction is spontaneous. B) no energy needs to be added. C) the reaction is at equilibrium. D) work can be done. E) the reaction will not occur.