Which of the following has been associated with Alzheimer's Disease?
A) loss of mitochondria
B) 5kb and 7.4kb deletions in mtDNA of heart cells
C) mutations in cytochrome oxidase c genes in brain cells
D) no change in mitochondrial function.
C) mutations in cytochrome oxidase c genes in brain cells
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Suppose an individual is heterozygous for alternate alleles of gene A (Aa). Under what conditions would a crossover in a somatic cell of this individual lead to a clone of cells that are homozygous for a? (Pick the most precise answer.)
A) The crossover would have to occur between the A locus and the centromere and involve two homologous (nonsister) chromatids. B) The crossover would have to occur between the A locus and the end of the chromosome and involve two homologous (nonsister) chromatids. C) The crossover would have to occur between the A locus and the end of the chromosome and involve two nonhomologous chromosomes. D) The crossover would have to occur between the A locus and the centromere and involve two sister chromatids.
Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by
a. a deficiency of antibodies. b. inability to respond to antigenic stimulation. c. a virus. d. a self-attack on blood tissue. e. a self-attack on joints.
________ are responsible for cell mediated immunity
a. Natural killer cells b. Monocytes c. Cells that mature in the thymus d. B cells e. Cells that mature in the bone marrow
The ATP generated from cellular respiration is not sufficient to drive the Calvin cycle in plants, even if appropriate levels of NADPH and CO2 are present. Why not?
A. Breaking down sugar to provide the energy needed to synthesize sugar would be a futile cycle. B. Plants do not undergo cellular respiration. C. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis do not happen in the same cells in plants. D. The Calvin cycle requires more ATP than can possibly be made from cellular respiration.