Jose is brought to the emergency room complaining of a burning sensation in his chest, increased salivation, and difficulty in swallowing. He is having difficulty breathing and feels the presence of a "lump in his throat
" The diagnosis is gastroesophageal reflux disease. Explain.
What will be an ideal response
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a disorder in which the rate of reflux is greater than in normal individuals and causes clinical symptoms and/or histological changes. Reflux and regurgitation may result in aspiration of gastric contents into the air passages, causing respiratory distress such as hoarseness, asthma, and pneumonia. The sensation of a lump in his throat may be due to esophageal muscle spasm from irritation or even worse, that he has developed a stricture (narrowing) or cancer from prolonged neglect.
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Describe the all-or-none principle
A) All stimuli will generate an action potential or none will. B) All stimuli that bring the membrane to threshold will generate identical action potentials. C) Stimuli that bring the membrane to threshold will generate a larger or smaller action potential depending on the size of the stimuli. D) Stimuli that bring the membrane to threshold will generate a longer or shorter action potential depending on the timing of the stimuli. E) Stimuli that do not bring the membrane to threshold can still generate an action potential if the stimuli are strong enough.
What is the function of CRH?
A. To cause a release of TSH B. To cause a release of ACTH C. To cause a release of GH D. To cause a release of LH
Which of the following structures is labeled E in the diagram?
a) axon terminal b) trigger zone c) cell body d) axon e) dendrites
Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the
A) integral proteins. B) glycocalyx. C) peripheral proteins. D) glycolipids. E) cholesterol.