Psychosocial interventions such as stress reduction techniques for chronically ill individuals are thought to affect the disease process via the immune system by
A. giving patients a reduced sense of control.
B. helping patients effectively utilize HAART drug regimes.
C. changing patients' positive cognitions.
D. helping patients reduce depression, thus reducing cortisol.
Answer: D
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Helping behavior is adaptive from an evolutionary standpoint if
a. the fittest individual does not gain an advantage over the less-fit. b. the economic rewards of helping are greater than the costs. c. it helps to secure propagation of an individual's genes. d. it is performed for altruistic rather than egoistic motives.
You are conducting an experiment to determine if listening to music while studying improves learning. If there was no difference between the test performance of the experimental and control groups, then we can conclude that
a. extraneous variables were not controlled. b. the two groups were not randomly assigned. c. listening to music while studying improves learning. d. listening to music while studying had no effect on learning.
From the cognitive perspective, we could suggest that organisms that have experienced _______ _______ do not expect reinforcement every time they engage in a response
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The facial-feedback hypothesis argues that specific facial expressions
a. are triggered by specific patterns of emotional response. b. are unrelated to feelings actually experienced. c. can mask true feelings. d. can trigger specific emotional responses.