Why does the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus cause tissue damage?
a. No digestive processes occur in the esophagus.
b. The esophagus does not have the thick gel-like mucus to protect it from acid.
c. The esophagus secretes only bicarbonate, which is not strong enough to neutralize stomach acids.
d. The esophagus cannot expand with extra volume, and the excessive stretching damages the muscle layer.
B
The stomach is the site where protein digestion begins. Acid is secreted in the stomach to en-hance this process. Because the acids can damage the stomach lining, the stomach secretes a thick, gel-like mucus to protect it. Neither the esophagus nor the duodenum has this protection. Stomach contents that reflux up into the esophagus are highly acidic and cause inflammatory damage with ulcer formation to the lining.
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