Which one of the following conditions is a potential cause of elevated JVP?
A 68-year-old mechanic presents to the emergency room for shortness of breath. You are concerned about a cardiac cause and measure his jugular venous pressure (JVP). It is elevated.
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Mitral stenosis
C) Constrictive pericarditis
D) Aortic aneurysm
C) Constrictive pericarditis
One cause of increased jugular venous pressure is constrictive pericarditis. Others include right-sided heart failure, tricuspid stenosis, and superior vena cava syndrome. You may wish to read about these conditions.
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Many older adults have a vitamin B12 deficiency. Reasons for this include which of the follow-ing? (Select all that apply.)
a. Normal age-related changes in the stom-ach include a lower production of gastric acid making vitamin B12 absorption less efficient b. The major source of vitamin B12 is sun-light, and older adults are less likely to be outdoors and absorb vitamin B12 in this manner c. Proton pump inhibitors, a frequently pre-scribed medication in older adults, impairs absorption of vitamin B12 from food d. Most older adults do not consume five servings of fruits and vegetables daily, which is the main dietary source of vita-min B12 e. Certain antibiotics and anticonvulsant medication increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency
A woman is seven months pregnant, and has come to the obstetrical clinic for a routine prenatal examination. During the assessment, the nurse hears a soft blowing sound above the mother's symphysis pubis
The rate of sound is synchronous with the mother's heartbeat. The nurse identifies this as: 1. A normal sound called funic souffle. 2. A normal sound called uterine souffle. 3. An abnormal sound representing an aortic aneurysm. 4. An abnormal sound representing a false knot in the cord.
While interviewing a 48-year-old patient during her annual physical examination, the nurse learns that she has never had a mammogram. The American Cancer Society recommends annual mammography screening starting at age 40
Before the nurse encourages this patient to begin annual screening, it is important for her to understand the reasons why women avoid testing. These reasons include (select all that apply) a. Reluctance to hear bad news b. Fear of x-ray exposure c. Belief that lack of family history makes this test unnecessary d. Expense of the procedure e. Having heard that the test is painful
The labor nurse is admitting a patient in active labor with a history of genital herpes. On assessment, the patient reports a recent outbreak, and the nurse verifies lesions on the perineum. What is the nurse's next action?
a. Ask the patient when she last had anything to eat or drink. b. Take a culture of the lesions to verify the involved organism. c. Ask the patient if she has had unprotected sex since her outbreak. d. Use electronic fetal surveillance to determine a baseline fetal heart rate.