A difference between the performance of an experimental and a control group may be caused by:
a. the independent variable.
b. the dependent variable.
c. a confounding variable.
d. either the independent or a confounding variable.
D
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Private speech is to ____ as inner speech is to ____
a. self-guidance; thought b. thought; self-guidance c. external guidance; self-guidance d. thought; external guidance
After Jeremy completes his term paper on post-traumatic stress disorder, he goes over his paper and critically evaluates it, checking his references, grammar, spelling, and writing style. At this point, Jeremy is in which stage of creative thought?
a. preparation b. incubation c. illumination d. verification
Recall from your text that researchers gave students false
feedback about their abilities to distinguish between false and real suicide notes. At the conclusion of the study, the researchers informed the students that their feedback was in no way related to their actual performance. However, on a subsequent task where the students had to estimate their performance on a similar task, they used this false feedback to guide their estimates. This is an example of A) belief perseverance. B) the confirmation bias. C) the hindsight bias. D) overconfidence.
There is a range of nonconscious processes that rarely, if ever, impinge upon consciousness
a. true b. false