How does the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) cause hyponatre-mia?
A. ADH increases the renal excretion of water.
B. ADH increases the renal excretion of sodium.
C. ADH increases the renal reabsorption of water.
D. ADH increases the renal reabsorption of sodium.
C
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) does not change sodium retention or excretion directly. It changes the permeability of the renal collecting ducts to water and enhances renal reabsorption of water. The reabsorbed water dilutes the serum sodium concentration, causing a relative hyponatremia. Total body sodium remains normal although the serum sodium level is low.
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To prevent any unwanted resuscitation after life-sustaining treatments have been withdrawn, the nurse should ensure that:
a. do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are written before discontinuation of the treatments. b. the family is not allowed to visit until the death occurs. c. DNR orders are written as soon as possible after the discontinuation of the treatments. d. the change-of-shift report includes the information that the patient is not to be resuscitated.
The first two postpartum assessments following the delivery of twins have been within normal limits. During the third assessment, the nurse finds that the fundus is "boggy" and the lochial flow has increased
The nurse expresses several large clots with moderate fundal massage. The fundus becomes firmer with the fundal massage. Which action should the nurse take next? a. Administer oxytocin (Pitocin) according to p.r.n. order. b. Notify the physician because the client needs surgery. c. Notify the physician because the site of the bleeding must be located. d. Reapply perineal pad, and tell the client to hold her thighs together tightly.
During her first prenatal visit to the clinic at 7 weeks' gestation, a 24-year-old primiparous patient comments, "My blood type is A negative, and my husband's blood type is B positive
Will that cause problems with my pregnancy?" The nurse's best response would be: 1. "There is no danger to your baby, but there could be a few minor complications for you. Let's talk about what we can do to prevent those." 2. "We will do a blood test to see whether your body is responding to the baby's blood type. If so, we will give the baby some medication to prevent harm." 3. "Because your partner is positive and you are negative, there is some risk to the baby, but because this is your first pregnancy, the risks are very small." 4. "If you were O negative, you might have ABO incompatibility because of your partner's blood type; but since you are type A, there should be no problem."
When writing a community-level diagnosis, "Among" refers to the
a. Specific problem or health risk faced by the community b. Characteristics of the community c. Community client experiencing the risk or problem d. Likelihood that the problem will be solved