When taking a health history from a client with lung cancer, the nurse would most likely expect to find which modifiable primary risk factor?
A) Cigarette smoking
B) Pipe smoking
C) Cigar smoking
D) Secondhand smoke
A) Cigarette smoking
Explanation: A) Smoking cigarettes is the most important risk factor for cancer. Eighty-seven percent of lung cancers occur in active smokers or in people who stopped smoking less than 5 years ago; only 2% of lifelong nonsmokers develop lung cancer. Other modifiable risk factors are cigar or pipe smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking cigars or a pipe increases the risk for lung cancer by two to five times compared to nonsmokers, but the risk is less than that for cigarette smokers.
B) Smoking cigarettes is the most important risk factor for cancer. Eighty-seven percent of lung cancers occur in active smokers or in people who stopped smoking less than 5 years ago; only 2% of lifelong nonsmokers develop lung cancer. Smoking cigars or a pipe increases the risk for lung cancer by two to five times compared to nonsmokers, but the risk is less than that for cigarette smokers.
C) Smoking cigarettes is the most important risk factor for cancer. Eighty-seven percent of lung cancers occur in active smokers or in people who stopped smoking less than 5 years ago; only 2% of lifelong nonsmokers develop lung cancer. Smoking cigars or a pipe increases the risk for lung cancer by two to five times compared to nonsmokers, but the risk is less than that for cigarette smokers.
D) Smoking cigarettes is the most important risk factor for cancer. Eighty-seven percent of lung cancers occur in active smokers or in people who stopped smoking less than 5 years ago; only 2% of lifelong nonsmokers develop lung cancer. Passive smoke exposure doubles lung cancer risk for exposures during childhood and adolescence and increases for spouses with the number of pack-years exposure, but the risk is less than that for cigarette smoking.
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