What are the three anger expression styles Davidson and Mostofsky used in their study of anger expression as a gender-related risk factor for CHD (coronary heart disease)? How do these styles differ between men and women?
What will be an ideal response?
The type of anger expression as a gender-related risk factor for CHD has also recently been explored. Davidson and Mostofsky coded interviews of 785 men and women participants according to the following anger expression styles: (1) Constructive anger expression- assertively discussing why they are upset with the person they feel anger toward in an attempt to resolve the situation while considering that person's point of view. (2) Destructive anger justification- blaming others for their anger and expressing self-justification and desire for vindication; and (3) Destructive anger rumination- holding grudges, brooding, and discussing their anger repetitiously in a way that magnifies their animosity. Their prospective study found that constructive anger seemed to have a protective effect for CHD in men but not women, whereas destructive anger justification increased CHD risk for both men and women.
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Kashima and others (2013) had Australian students transmit a story about a football player from one person to the next. Their results indicated that as the story went from person to person,
a. the stereotype-inconsistent information was eventually weeded out. b. the stereotype-inconsistent information was eventually exaggerated. c. the stereotype-consistent information was often distorted. d. its content remained relatively consistent.
The conditioned stimulus is defined as:
A) the stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. B) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. C) the previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to produce the conditioned response. D) the stimulus that remains neutral throughout classical conditioning.
What is one argument against a biological explanation of male/female differences in verbal ability?
a) The difference doesn't appear until the early teens. b) The differences in scores have become smaller over time. c) Men are more likely to be television and radio broadcasters. d) Studies on this topic have a number of methodological flaws.
Given the statistics on aggression in mass media, which of the following scenarios seems least likely to be depicted in the media?
A. Elementary school children bully a classmate for being shy, but the classmate eventually gets revenge. B. A man who was abused by his ex-partner feels empowered after taking up boxing as a hobby. C. A woman is tempted to intimidate an annoying neighbor, but decides to practice meditation instead. D. A high-school football star uses his physical strength to protect others from potential bullies.