Give an example of an acute and a chronic carrier of disease. What disease characteristics allow for chronic carriers to play significant roles in the spread of the disease? How are diseases with chronic carriers controlled?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Acute disease carriers contain only the infectious agent for an ephemeral time period, such as with a cold or flu virus, whereas chronic individuals carry the infectious agent long-term, such as with HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis. The disease characteristic that allows for chronic carriers to be important in spreading a disease is a very long incubation period in which the carrier is infected but has relatively few symptoms. The longer the incubation period, the more that could be infected by the chronic carrier. One way to control the spread of a disease with a long incubation time is to screen the population (or any at risk population) for the disease even if they lack symptoms. HIV testing during routine exams and the tuberculin skin test are examples.
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