Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Coverage during the first media crime wave largely characterized female criminals as ethnic and racial minorities.
2. It is implied that mixed-methods approaches, such as those employed by Moore (1978, 1991), are ideal for exploring the role of girls in gangs.
3. Modern studies on girls in gangs that followed Moore’s (1978, 1991) landmark studies largely used longitudinal study designs.
4. There is consensus among researchers that female gang members are increasingly involved in more serious and violent offenses.
5. Studies on gang gender composition suggest that there is an inverse relationship between the proportion of males in a gang and the amount of violence perpetrated by the gang.


1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False

Criminal Justice

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