Early studies into the effectiveness of "sleep learning" tapes
suggested that learning could indeed occur if a tape was played while a subject was asleep. These studies failed, however, to monitor the electrical activity of the participants' brains, and thus did not consider the possibility that the tapes had actually awakened these individuals. This alternative explanation for the findings is consistent with the critical thinking concept of
A) extraordinary claims.
B) ruling out rival hypotheses.
C) replicability.
D) correlation versus causation.
Answer: B
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According to Erikson's concept of ____, different life periods are associated with different psychosocial strengths
a. external societal demands b. naturalistic observation c. the epigenetic principle d. identity versus confusion
How would someone who did not follow mainstream, White American culture have previously been treated by psychologists?
A. They would be referred to as deficient. B. Their cultural background would be further explored. C. They would be instructed to live around the mainstream culture. D. Their needs would be prioritized because of the cultural difference
Ryan's school recently tested his IQ as part of an evaluation for a possible learning disability, and discovered that he had an IQ of 95. How should the school describe this result to Ryan's parents?
A. Ryan has a mild intellectual disability. B. Ryan is gifted. C. Ryan is average. D. Ryan's score is unlikely to be valid.
Who was the German physiologist who studied the speed of neuronal transmission by attaching electrical wires to the leg muscles of frogs?
A. Herman von Helmhotz B. B. F. Skinner C. Ulric Neisser D. Wilhelm Wundt