What limits the areal density of a hard disk drive?
What will be an ideal response?
There are several factors such as the physical size of the read/write head, the surface?head gap, and so on. Obviously if the head is large or the air gap large, the magnetic field spreads out and it is impossible to magnetize a small region of the surface. Consequently, both the head and hard?surface gap should be as small as possible. However, these parameters are not the ultimate limitations. The real limitation is the magnetic properties of the surface coating. There is a limit to how small magnetized domains can be. A property of magnetic domains is called self?demagnetization, where the fields from adjacent domains tend to reduce the magnetization of a domain. Techniques such as perpendicular magnetization and the use of exotic structures (pixie dust) have allowed greater areal densities than originally thought possible.
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