Analyze the four main parts of the human neuron by explaining how they are related in structure and function. Clearly identify the role that each plays in the transmission of neural communication.
What will be an ideal response?
The neuron consists of dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and axon terminals. The dendrites receive information from other cells. They increase the likelihood that cells will connect with them by branching out like the roots of a tree. The cell body contains the DNA for the cell. At the juncture between the cell body and the axon, the decision is made whether or not to fire an action potential. The axon is responsible for carrying an action potential from the cell body to the axon terminals, in preparation for sending a message on to the next cell. The axon can be myelinated or non-myelinated, which adjusts the speed that cell can use to transfer a new message; myelinated cells are the fastest. The axon terminals will connect with other cells' dendrites and cell bodies and transmit a chemical message to the next cell. While waiting for the action potential to come along, they store vesicles with neurotransmitter.
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