What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following mobility aids: the long cane, human guides, and guide dogs?

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Long cane: Advantages are it is economical and even preschoolers can be taught to use it. A disadvantage is that it is requires considerable coordination between the sweeping of the cane and the movement of the feet, and it may be stigmatizing to some people. Guide dogs: Advantages are they can be valuable aids and companions, and may alert owners to potential hazards sooner than can be detected by a cane. Disadvantages are that dogs may attract attention of people who may distract the dog or owner; they require tremendous amounts of training and the owner requires extensive training to use the dog; they must be cared for. Human guides: Advantage is that they enable the person with visual impairment to have the greatest freedom in moving about safely. Disadvantage is that it fosters too much dependence on other people.

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