In Craig v. Boren (the year 1976) and Clark v. Jeter (the year 1988), the Supreme Court ruled which of the following?
a. Requires the government to demonstrate that treating men and women differently is “substantially related to an important governmental objective”.
b. Requires only that the government demonstrate that treating men and women differently is “sometimes related to an important governmental objective”.
c. Does not usually require the government to demonstrate that treating men and women differently is “substantially related to an important governmental objective,” unless it can be proven otherwise.
d. Does not require the government to demonstrate that treating men and women differently is “substantially related to an important governmental objective”.
a. Requires the government to demonstrate that treating men and women differently is “substantially related to an important governmental objective”.
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During the 1930s, Franklin D. Roosevelt began a new version of federalism called cooperative federalism, in which
a. state and local governments carried out programs initiated by the federal government. b. the federal government gave money directly to the states, but not to cities. c. the federal government carried out programs differing from state to state, initiated by states and local governments. d. money raised in wealthy parts of states was sent to poorer parts of the same state to help provide relief.
What occurs during the appropriations process?
a. Congress grants funds to federal agencies and programs. b. Congress creates new federal agencies. c. Congress acquires requested oversight material from the executive. d. Congress instructs the president to eliminate federal agencies.
How do scholars measure partisanship?
A. by asking respondents in polls which party they voted for in the last election. B. by asking respondents in polls whether they donated money to a candidate in the last election C. by requiring respondents in polls submit to MRIs to measure deep cognitive attachments to the parties D. by asking respondents a series of questions that place them on a 7-point scale
One consequence of the American creed is a preference for the idea of __________ government
a. active b. extensive c. limited d. regulatory e. all-powerful