Consider a shallow body of water. Is it possible for this water to freeze during a cold and dry night even when the ambient air and surrounding surface temperatures never drop to 0°C? Explain.
What will be an ideal response?
It is possible for a shallow body of water to freeze during a cool and dry night even when the ambient air and surrounding surface temperatures never drop to 0?C. This is because when the air is not saturated (? < 100 percent), there will be a difference between the concentration of water vapor at the water-air interface (which is always saturated) and some distance above it. Concentration difference is the driving force for mass transfer, and thus this concentration difference will drive the water into the air. But the water must vaporize first, and it must absorb the latent heat of vaporization from the water. The temperature of water near the surface must drop as a result of the sensible heat loss, possibly below the freezing point.
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