Biological theories of aging involve changes on molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Influences on biological changes include:
1. The environment, nutrition, and stress
2. Caregiver role strain
3. The number of crises a person has had in his or her lifetime
4. The ability to make choices
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Ingestion or contact with many substances can cause unhealthy biological changes leading to poor health.
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The nurse who is caring for a patient with mental illness has performed the nursing assessment and formulated the nursing diagnosis. What is the purpose of the next phase of the nursing process?
1. Evaluating stated outcomes 2. Establishing measurable goals 3. Implementing measurable interventions 4. Assessing mental status compared to nursing assessment
The term for the number of people who report directly to a single manager and encompass the functions of planning, organizing, and leading is the:
a. line of authority. b. hierarchical ladder. c. span of control. d. staffing list.
A physician has ordered peak and trough levels of a medication. When would the nurse schedule the trough level specimen?
A) before administering the first dose C) 30 minutes before the next dose B) immediately after the first dose D) 24 hours after the last dose
The nurse is about to tell a patient that her Pap smear result was abnormal. Which statement should the nurse include?
1. "The Pap smear is used to diagnose cervical cancer." 2. "A loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is needed." 3. "Colposcopy to further examine your cervix is the next step." 4. "Your cervix needs to be treated with cryotherapy."