Which behavior by parents or teachers will best assist the child in negotiating the developmental task of industry?
a. Identifying failures immediately and asking the child's peers for feedback
b. Structuring the environment so the child can master tasks
c. Completing homework for children who are having difficulty in completing assignments
d. Decreasing expectations to eliminate potential failures
B
The task of the caring teacher or parent is to identify areas in which a child is competent and to build on successful experiences to foster feelings of mastery and success. Structuring the environment to enhance self-confidence and to provide the opportunity to solve increasingly more complex problems will promote a sense of mastery. Asking peers for feedback reinforces the child's feelings of failure. When teachers or parents complete children's homework for them, it sends the message that you do not trust them to do a good job. Providing assistance and suggestions and praising their best efforts are more appropriate. Decreasing expectations to eliminate failures will not promote a sense of achievement or mastery.
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