Research on formal operational thinking suggests that it ____.?
a. ?is achieved by nearly all adolescents by the time they reach adulthood
b. ?is highly influenced by the surrounding culture
c. ?represents the highest form of cognitive reasoning
d. ?is achieved more often by males than by females
ANSWER:
b
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Because none of us wants to believe we are wrong, we are usually reluctant to give up cherished notions. This phenomenon is known as
A) belief perseverance. Correct. Belief perseverance is the tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them. B) the confirmation bias. Incorrect. The confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out evidence that supports our preexisting beliefs and to neglect contradictory evidence. C) the availability heuristic. D) the fundamental attribution.
Sam buys a hollow, plastic rock where he plans to hide his spare key. He puts it near several other rocks by the door and calls to his two children, a 3-year-old and a 6 ½-year-old
He said he was gardening and found something under the rock and asks them to guess. One says a worm and the other says some ants. Then, he lifts it up and shows them that it's hollow and actually contained the house key. Then he asks where a robber, who has not been shown what is under the plastic rock, would look for the key to the house. How do you think each child would answer? Explain. What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is NOT a common reason why boomerang children return home to live with middle-aged parents?
a) Divorce b) Economic reasons c) Lack of employment or underemployment d) Parents experiencing empty nest syndrome
The first major psychological theories of abnormal behavior were ______
a. phenomenological theories b. behavioral theories c. organic theories d. psychodynamic theories