How did politicians determine public opinion before the advent of scientific polling?

a. by counting the number of people who attended their campaign rallies
b. by the number of people who volunteered for the campaign, which was a good proxy for public opinion
c. haphazardly through information supplied by editorials, pamphleteers, and local leaders
d. through the number of small dollar campaign contributions


c. haphazardly through information supplied by editorials, pamphleteers, and local leaders

Political Science

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Which of the following is true about Franklin Roosevelt's appointment of seven new members of the Supreme Court between 1937 and 1941?

A. The Court became known as "Roosevelt's Posse." B. The Court began to pay attention to civil rights and liberties. C. Three of the seven appointments were given to his close relatives. D. The Court, then deeply divided, very seldom reached a clear majority on any significant issue.

Political Science

The French Senate can sometimes be an effective legislative body in terms of its ability to provide a "sober second thought" to legislative proposals, especially to Government proposals

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

Political Science

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty was not signed by the United States

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Political Science

The migration of African Americans to northern cities that has occurred since World War II resulted in

A) the election of more African American public officials. B) a dramatic increase in the political power of southern cities. C) Ronald Reagan's failure to win key northern states in the 1984 presidential election. D) all of the above. E) fewer educational opportunities for minorities.

Political Science