A nonassociative learning called ________ can be defined as a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus that has no positive or negative consequences.
A. habituation
B. cognitive learning
C. desensitization learning
D. instinctive learning
E. imprinting
Answer: A
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After removing some freshly baked cookies from the oven, you accidentally brush the side of the pan with your bare hand. Your reflexes kick in and you immediately draw your hand away. What is the proximate cause of this behavior?
A. For millions of years, your ancestors survived in part because they avoided damaging heat, and thus were able to pass on heat-avoiding genes to you. B. Drawing your hand away quickly when it encounters high heat prevents injury, thereby increasing your chances to survive and reproduce. C. Sensory receptors in the skin of your hand sent a signal to interneurons in your spinal cord, which subsequently signaled the motor neurons in your arm and hand to contract, drawing your hand away. D. You perceived the heat, judged that it would cause a burn if you left your hand in place too long, and made a conscious decision to pull your hand away.
_____________________ is defined as the interaction of two or more gene variants to produce a certain phenotype. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin
A) is found in blood plasma. B) binds carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. C) is found in red blood cells. D) is bound to carbon dioxide. E) transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells.
Which type of membrane transport is most important for nutrient acquisition in nutrient poor environments?
A. Simple diffusion B. Active transport C. Facilitated diffusion through membrane carrier proteins D. Facilitated diffusion through channel proteins