On a trip to the Southwest United States, you and a friend collect some seeds from a piñon, a type of pine tree. Your friend also gathers a small bagful of soil from under the piñon tree. Back home, both of you plant your seeds in commercial sterilized
potting soil, but your friend adds a spoonful of the collected dirt to each of her pots. Her seedlings do better than yours. What is the likeliest explanation for your differences?
A) Pine seedlings are better adapted to the sandy soil of the Southwest than to commercial potting mix.
B) The soil from the Southwest probably contained macronutrients missing from the potting mix.
C) The soil from the Southwest probably contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonized the seedlings' root nodules.
D) The soil from the Southwest probably contained fungi able to establish a mycorrhizal association with the seedlings' roots.
Answer: D
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