The correlation between two variables is defined as
a. the covariance of those variables divided by the product of their standard deviations.
b. the covariance of those variables divided by the variance of X.
c. the covariance of those variables divided by the variance of Y.
d. the cross-product of all of the pairs of scores.
A
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Jane was ridiculed at school for wearing a particular style of shirt. Now, she no longer wears that style of shirt to school. Being ridiculed is an example of
a. negative reinforcement. b. positive reinforcement. c. punishment. d. modeling.
Erik Erikson's developmental stages are organized around potential turning points called
a. fixation points. b. psychosocial crises. c. developmental tasks. d. psychosexual crises.
According to your text, which of the following is an example of validating a speaker's comments? a. "I agree with what you said.". b. "Um-hum," while having direct eye contact
c. "I do not agree with what you said.". d. "I can understand why you might feel that way.".
Studies of aggressive and criminal behaviors in adulthood have found that ____
a. there doesn't appear to be a genetic link b. there appears to be more aggression by twins than non-twins c. monozygotic twins resemble each other more closely than dizygotic twins d. dizygotic twins resemble each other more closely than monozygotic twins