Which of the following statements regarding complement is FALSE?
A. Certain complement proteins are always circulating in the blood in an inactive state.
B. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first complement protein, C1.
C. Activated complement can stimulate cells to secrete inflammation-mediating chemicals.
D. Activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which forms pores in microbe membranes.
E. Some activated complement proteins activate other complement proteins.
Answer: B
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Glucose is usually reabsorbed from the filtrate in the kidney back into the blood through carrier proteins, hence, glucose in the urine is considered abnormal. What condition below might result in glucose in the urine?
a. high levels of glucose in the blood. b. transport maximum for renal glucose reached. c. excess consumption of glucose. d. competitors for glucose carriers. e. all of these answers.
What is the GFR × plasma concentration equal to?
A) filtered load B) filtration fraction C) renal blood flow D) excretion rate E) clearance
Each of the following statements concerning the development of the skull is true, except that
A) the bones of the skull develop from a single ossification focus. B) at birth the cranial bones are connected by areas of fibrous connective tissue. C) the growth of the cranium is usually coordinated with the growth of the brain. D) the skulls of infants and adults differ in shape and structure of the skeletal elements. E) the most significant growth of the skull occurs before the age of 5.
Helper T cells function as
A) antibody producers. B) the regulators of the immune response. C) the primary attack cell of cell-mediated immunity. D) phagocytes. E) None of the answers are correct.