Young Eli is very afraid of the low rumbling of thunder, but he does not get scared when the treadmill downstairs causes a similar rumbling sound that echoes through the house. His ability to separate his response to different stimuli demonstrates
A. stimulus generalization.
B. partial reinforcement extinction effect.
C. secondary reinforcement.
D. stimulus discrimination.
Answer: D
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Judy, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child
A) artificialism B) cognitive scaffolding C) proximal development D) animism
When what you see out in the word is determined by what you expect to be out there, you are using:
a. top-down processing b. bottom-up processing c. figure-to-ground processing d. opponent processing
In late adulthood, individuals begin to experience a greater decline in _____ memory than in long-term memory.
A) sensory B) iconic C) working D) semantic
An important lesson learned from the Stanford Prison Experiment and highlighted in the Schlesinger Report was
a. how passive prison guards can become. b. that prisoners tend to become violent. c. that stress can be prevented with relaxation. d. that criminals are difficult to detect. e. how stressful situations can rapidly affect personality.