What are the three threats to internal validity associated with measurement?
What will be an ideal response?
(a) Instrumentation–the actual equipment may need calibration after a time, especially mechanical devices; in addition, the researcher may inadvertently change scoring procedures in a way that makes later scores different from earlier scores.
(b) Testing–participants' behaviors change because they become sensitized to the study with repeated testing
(c) Statistical regression (Regression to the mean)–If tested at the beginning of a study and at the end, initial scores may be artificially high or low because of measurement error; this error is not likely to persist, so scores migrate back where they "belong".
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What is social policy?
a. A collective strategy that prevents and addresses social problems. b. The viewpoint of legislative leaders. c. A program of actions. d. The pursuit of justice.
An example of an international nongovernmental organization is
a. Amnesty International. c. the United Nations. b. the Department of Defense. d. the Democratic Party.
Of the following governors, who was most liberal?
A) George W. Bush B) Mark White C) Bill Clements D) Ann Richards E) Jimmie Allred
In a two-party system, ______.
A. only two parties compete B. only two parties obtain votes from citizens C. only two parties are able to get enough votes to win an election D. more than one party can win an election