Microbial symbionts are horizontally transferred by parental cells directly passing on the symbionts during meiosis
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Answer: FALSE
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that is activated by high levels of AMP in cells. If levels of AMP are high in cells, that means that levels of ATP are low. Once active, AMPK activates catabolic pathways and inhibits anabolic pathways in the cell. Why do you think that is the case? Choose the answer that best explains the role of AMPK.
A. Activating catabolic pathways and inhibiting anabolic pathways will ultimately lead to higher consumption of ATP, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. B. High levels of AMP indicate that there is a high amount of energy stored in the cell, thus activating catabolic pathways and inhibiting anabolic pathways are mechanisms to use stored energy. C. By inhibiting anabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to generate heat for the cell, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. D. By activating catabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to activate exergonic pathways, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell.
While water continually orients phospholipids into a lipid bilayer, it does not fix the lipids permanently into position. Thus, the bilayer is considered to be ________.
A. static B. charged C. fluid D. fluctuating
The plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells requires separate targeting of proteins to
a. one continuous plasma membrane domain. b. two plasma membrane domains: the apical and basolateral domains. c. three plasma membrane domains: the apical, lateral, and basal domains. d. four plasma membrane domains: one apical, two lateral, and a basal domain.
Reservoirs include
A. water. B. humans. C. soil. D. animals. E. All of these choices are correct.