The nurse is giving discharge teaching to the mother of a 3-year-old who has had a shunt revision. The nurse teaches the mother that which of the following are signs of shunt malformation? Select all that apply
1. Fever
2. Vomiting
3. Dizziness
4. Bulging fontanel
5. Personality change
1, 2, 5
Rationale:
1. Fever can be a sign of shunt malfunction.
2. Vomiting can be a sign of shunt malfunction, and might indicate increased intracranial pressure.
3. Dizziness is not necessarily seen with a shunt malfunction, and can be difficult to assess in a 3-year-old.
4. Fontanels are closed in a 3-year-old.
5. Personality change can be indicative of a shunt malfunction.
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