Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. In cases involving nominal variables, the association cannot have direction.
2. Direction of association is not applicable when examining the relationship between religion and years of education.
3. An increase in education is associated with an increase in income. This is an example of a negative relationship.
4. Phi can be used when examining the association between race and political affiliation.
5. Gamma can be used when examining the association between race and political affiliation.


1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Social Work & Human Services

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