What are the costs associated with government intervention in an economic system? Given that there are costs involved with government intervention in an economy, why do governments still choose to intervene in markets?
What will be an ideal response?
Government failures refer to the broader set of inefficiencies associated with government interventions. The government will sometimes make mistakes, the bureaucracy can be inefficient and slow, and some politicians may be corrupt, seeking to use the process of decision making for their own benefit or their own ideological ends. Taxes and other government activities can distort decisions, leading to deadweight losses. Government failures also include the costs of bureaucracies. Bureaucrats who are employed by the government could have been working in other productive sectors of the economy - this is an important opportunity cost of government work. Large governments also engender the problem of corruption; corruption is the misuse and misallocation of resources by officials in power.
Although there are costs associated with governments and government intervention in the economy, market outcomes are sometimes inequitable, with high levels of inequality and poverty coexisting alongside huge fortunes for a few. Governments use taxation and spending to reduce inequality and poverty in the economy. Markets also fail to take external costs and benefits into account. This gives rise to market failures or externalities. Governments attempt to correct these externalities using command and control strategies and taxes or subsidies. When evaluating government policies, these costs of government have to be considered. How these costs weigh against the benefits of government determine, to a large degree, the extent of government intervention and the optimal size of government.
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When real GDP increases, the demand for money
A) increases. B) decreases. C) stays the same. D) we cannot make a prediction without additional information.
The standard deviation of a two-asset portfolio (with a risky and a non-risky asset) is equal to
A) the fraction invested in the risky asset times the standard deviation of the non-risky asset. B) the fraction invested in the non-risky asset times the standard deviation of the risky asset. C) the fraction invested in the risky asset times the standard deviation of that asset. D) the fraction invested in the non-risky asset times the standard deviation of that asset.
Central planners in command economies
A. generally set production targets for firms. B. always consult consumers on the output of goods they want to consume. C. allow prices to organize the economy’s production. D. depend upon the invisible hand to coordinate economic activities.
Your favorite clothing website is offering a new shipping promotion: you can pay a $24 membership fee and receive free shipping for 12 months, or you can continue to receive free shipping as long as you spend at least $50 with every order. Otherwise you will have to pay $6 per shipment. You think $24 sounds like a good deal, but you do not want to make the mistake of being overconfident. Explain how you would make your decision.
What will be an ideal response?