W. M. Brown considers the argument that performance enhancing drugs are dangerous to

Question

the athletes that use them, and he gives two answers to that argument: first, that it is
excessively paternalistic; and second, that it is

a. factually false, since such drugs do not pose health risks.
b. hypocritical, since few object to much more serious dangers associated with many
athletic activities.
c. a futile and useless objection, since once performance enhancing drugs are available
there is no way to effectively prevent their use.
d. counterproductive, because trying to ban the drugs on the basis of health risks will
only lead to the use of more masking agents to prevent detection, and those agents
may be more harmful than the performance enhancing drugs themselves.
e. so vague as to be meaningless, given that there is no effective way to measure any
increased risk to long-term health that results specifically from such drugs.

Answer 1

b