Describe the cognitive-behavioral therapy approach to treatment. Compare and contrast rational-emotive therapy and Beck's cognitive therapy. Explain for which type of psychological disorders these two types of therapies are most advantageous.
What will be an ideal response?
Cognitive-behavioral therapies focus on changing a person's irrational, false, or destructive beliefs and ideas in order to change their behavior patterns. Albert Ellis developed a cognitive therapy called rational-emotive therapy (RET) to help clients overcome destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors and replace them with healthier ones. RET is based on three basic principles: (1) Being disturbed by an event is a personal choice-you can choose rational or irrational beliefs when something bad happens, (2) It's not the event itself that disturbs you but how you think about or respond to the event. And (3) Changing your irrational and dysfunctional emotions and beliefs is possible with persistence and hard work. RET has been successful at helping people with emotional problems and is a popular technique, but the therapist plays a strongly confrontational role.A less confrontational form of cognitive therapy is Beck's cognitive therapy. With this approach, clients are encouraged to examine and question their own beliefs through the use of assignments or gathering real-world evidence that refutes their beliefs. Beck recommends that the therapist ask clients three basic questions in trying to help them restructure their thinking: (1) What is your evidence to support this conclusion? (2) Can you think of another way of looking at the same situation? And (3) What will happen if your conclusion is correct? When clients answer these questions, they are forced to analyze and evaluate the situation, coming to recognize errors in their thinking, learn new ways of coping with their negative thoughts, and learn how to correct faulty reasoning and thinking. This technique is used to treat people with depression and anxiety disorders.
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An empirical investigation structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion is known as a(n) __________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Research conducted by Chua, Boland, and Nisbett found that American participants tended to focus on the figure within a scene, while the Chinese participants focused on the background. They concluded that Americans tend to have a
a. broader focus of attention. b. narrow focus of attention. c. shorter attention span. d. longer attention span.
When a dog begins to bark at the sound of his owner's keys jingling outside the door, operant conditioning has occurred
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Jannell solved a crossword puzzle on Thursday, and by Saturday she doesn't recall the words in the puzzle. But Saturday night, when she is playing Scrabble with her brother, she unconsciously tends to form words that were in the puzzle. Jannell has ________ memory for some of the words.
a. a flashbulb b. recognition c. explicit d. implicit