Which of the following is not true for consent searches?
a. Consent must be voluntary
b. Consent has to be given by an authorized party
c. The party giving consent must be advised they have the right to refuse
d. Officers are not required to have probable cause to ask for consent to search
C
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The deductive model, which uses fixed research objectives, defines the terms that are relevant for the research, follows a fixed sequence of steps, and typically measures data using numbers, is called:
a. Quantitative research. b. Qualitative research. c. Survey research. d. None of the above
According to which theorist(s), social disorganization theory applied to juvenile delinquency and urban areas found that delinquency is not randomly distributed.
a. Sutherland and Cressey b. Shaw and McKay c. Cloward and Ohlin d. Hirschi and Gottfredson
Which of the following is not a key issue in understanding the police subculture?
a. Working personality b. Police morality c. Isolation of the police d. Acceptance of independent actions by other officers
What theory advises that organizations are embedded in an environment, and the environment places demands and pressures on the organization resulting in change in operations and structure?
a. Theory X b. human relations theory c. contingency theory d. participatory theory